Research publications
This overview (last updated on October 11, 2009) includes research conducted in the Sleep and Performance Research Center at Washington State University Spokane, as well as earlier work completed in the Division of Neuropsychiatry and the Division of Neuroscience at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (Dr. Belenky); the Division of Sleep and Chronobiology in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania and the Department of Physiology and Physiological Physics at Leiden University (Dr. Van Dongen); and the laboratories of several of our collaborators. When requesting or downloading our publications, please adhere to applicable copyright laws.
- Sleep deprivation and cognitive performance
- Fatigue and performance modeling
- Individual differences in sleep loss effects
- Sleep physiology
- Circadian rhythms
- Stimulants and hypnotics
- Combat stress research
- Miscellaneous
Sleep deprivation and cognitive performance
Balkin TJ, Bliese PD, Belenky G, Sing H, Thorne
DR, Thomas M, Redmond DP, Russo M, Wesensten NJ
(2004). Comparative utility of instruments for
monitoring sleepiness-related performance decrements in
the operational environment. Journal of Sleep Research
13: 219-227. (Download
PDF)
Belenky G, Wesensten NJ, Thorne DR, Thomas ML,
Sing HC, Redmond DP, Russo MB, Balkin TJ
(2003). Patterns of performance degradation
and restoration during sleep restriction and subsequent
recovery: a sleep dose-response study. Journal of Sleep
Research 12: 1-12. (Download
PDF)
Doran SM, Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF
(2001). Sustained attention performance during
sleep deprivation: Evidence of state instability.
Archives of Italian Biology 139: 253-267.
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McCann UD, Penetar DM, Shaham Y, Thorne DR,
Gillin JC, Sing HC, Thomas M, Belenky G
(1992). Sleep deprivation and impaired
cognition: The role of catecholamines. Biological
Psychiatry 31: 1082-1097.
(Request PDF)
McCann UD, Penetar DM, Shaham Y, Thorne DR,
Sing HC, Thomas ML, Gillin JC, Belenky G
(1993). Effects of catecholamine depletion on
alertness and mood in rested and sleep deprived normal
volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacolgy 8: 345-356.
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Mollicone DJ, Van Dongen HPA, Rogers NL, Dinges
DF (2008). Response surface mapping of
neurobehavioral performance: Testing the feasibility of
split sleep schedules for space operations. Acta
Astronautica 63: 833-840.
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Oonk M, Tucker AM, Belenky G, Van Dongen HPA
(2008). Excessive sleepiness: determinants,
outcomes, and context. International Journal of Sleep
and Wakefulness 1: 141-147.
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Rowland LM, Thomas ML, Thorne DR, Sing HC,
Krichmar JL, Davis HQ, Balwinski SM, Peters RD,
Kloeppel-Wagner E, Redmond DP, Alicandri E, Belenky G
(2005). Oculomotor responses during partial
and total sleep deprivation. Aviation, Space, and
Environmental Medicine 76: C104-C113.
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Thomas ML, Sing HC, Belenky G, Holcomb HH,
Mayberg HS, Dannals RF, Wagner Jr HN, Thorne DR, Popp
KA, Rowland LM, Welsh AB, Balwinski SM, Redmond DP
(2000). Neural basis of alertness and
cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I.
Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human
regional brain activity. Journal of Sleep Research 9:
335-352. (Download
PDF)
Thomas ML, Sing HC, Belenky G, Holcomb HH,
Mayberg HS, Dannals RF, Wagner HN, Thorne DR, Popp KA,
Rowland LM, Welsh AB, Balwinksi SM, Redmond DP
(2003). Neural basis of alertness and
cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness.
II. Effects of 48 and 72 h of sleep deprivation on
waking human regional brain activity. Thalamus &
Related Systems 2: 199-229.
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Thorne DR, Johnson DE, Redmond DP, Sing HC,
Belenky G, Shapiro JM (2005). The Walter Reed
palm-held psychomotor vigilance test. Behavior Research
Methods 37: 111-118. (Download
PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Belenky G (2008).
Alertness level. In Binder MD, Hirokawa N, Windhorst U
(Eds.), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Springer, Berlin:
75-77.
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Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2003).
Sleep debt and cumulative excess wakefulness. Sleep 26:
249. (Download
PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2005).
Sleep, circadian rhythms, and psychomotor vigilance
performance. Clinics in Sports Medicine 24: 237-249.
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Van Dongen HPA, Maislin G, Mullington JM,
Dinges DF (2003). The cumulative cost of
additional wakefulness: Dose-response effects on
neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from
chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation.
Sleep 26: 117-126. (Download
PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Rogers NL, Dinges DF
(2003). Sleep debt: Theoretical and empirical
issues. Sleep and Biological Rhythm 1: 5-13.
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Fatigue and performance modeling
Avinash D, Crudele CP, Amin DD, Robinson BM,
Dinges DF, Van Dongen HPA (2005). Parameter
estimation for a biomathematical model of psychomotor
vigilance performance under laboratory conditions of
chronic sleep restriction. Sleep-Wake Research in The
Netherlands 16: 39-42. (Download
PDF)
Balkin TJ, Kamimori GH, Redmond DP, Vigneulle
RM, Thorne DR, Belenky G, Wesensten NJ (2004).
On the importance of countermeasures in sleep and
performance models. Aviation, Space, and Environmental
Medicine 75: A155-A157.
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Belenky G, Balkin TJ, Redmond DP, Sing HC,
Thomas ML, Thorne DR, Wesensten NJ (1998).
Sustaining performance during continuous operations:
The U.S. Army's sleep management system. In Hartley L
(Ed.), Managing Fatigue in Transportation. Pergamon,
Oxford: 77-85.
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Gross JB, Gunzelmann G, Gluck KA, Van Dongen
HPA, Dinges DF (2006). Computational modeling
of the combined effects of circadian rhythm and sleep
deprivation. In Sun R, Miyake N (Eds.), Proceedings of
the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive
Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah:
297-302.
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Gunzelmann G, Gluck KA, Kershner J, Van Dongen
HPA, Dinges DF (2007). Understanding
decrements in knowledge access resulting from increased
fatigue. In McNamara DS, Trafton JG (Eds.), Proceedings
of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive
Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah:
329-334.
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Gunzelmann G, Gluck KA, Price S, Van Dongen
HPA, Dinges DF (2007). Decreased arousal as a
result of sleep deprivation: The unraveling of
cognitive control. In Gray WD (Ed.), Integrated Models
of Cognitive Systems. Oxford University Press, New
York: 243-253.
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Gunzelmann GK, Gluck KA, Van Dongen HPA,
O'Connor RM, Dinges DF (2005). A
neurobehaviorally inspired ACT-R model of sleep
deprivation: Decreased performance in psychomotor
vigilance. In Bara BG, Barsalou L, Bucciarelli M
(Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual
Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah: 857-862.
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Gunzelmann G, Moore Jr LR, Gluck KA, Van Dongen
HPA, Dinges DF (2009). Examining sources of
individual variation in sustained attention. In Taatgen
N, Van Rijn H (Eds.), Proceedings of the Thirty-First
Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.
Cognitive Science Society, Austin: 608-613.
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Gunzelmann G, Moore Jr LR, Gluck KA, Van Dongen
HPA, Dinges DF (2008). Individual differences
in sustained vigilant attention: Insights from
computational cognitive modeling. In Love BC, McRae K,
Sloutsky VM (Eds.), Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual
Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive
Science Society, Austin: 2017-2022.
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Hursh SR, Redmond DP, Johnson ML, Thorne DR,
Belenky G, Balkin TJ, Miller JC, Eddy DR
(2004). Fatigue models for applied research in
warfighting. Aviation, Space, and Environmental
Medicine 75: A44-A53.
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Johnson ML, Belenky G, Redmond DP, Thorne DR,
Williams JD, Hursh SR, Balkin TJ (2004).
Modulating the homeostatic process to predict
performance during chronic sleep restriction. Aviation,
Space, and Environmental Medicine 75: A141-A146.
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Kronauer RE, Gunzelmann G, Van Dongen HPA,
Doyle III FJ, Klerman EB (2007). Uncovering
physiologic mechanisms of circadian rhythms and
sleep/wake regulation through mathematical modeling.
Journal of Biological Rhythms 22: 233-245.
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McCauley P, Kalachev LV, Smith AD, Belenky G,
Dinges DF, Van Dongen HPA (2009). A new
mathematical model for the homeostatic effects of sleep
loss on neurobehavioral performance. Journal of
Theoretical Biology 256: 227-239.
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McCauley P, McCauley ME, Van Dongen HPA
(2009). Mathematical model of sleep loss.
Sleep Research Society Bulletin 15: 17-18. (Download PDF)
Olofsen E, Dinges DF, Van Dongen HPA
(2004). Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling:
Individualization and prediction. Aviation, Space, and
Environmental Medicine 75: A134-A140.
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Ratcliff R, Van Dongen HPA (2009).
Sleep deprivation affects multiple distinct cognitive
processes. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 16:
742-751.
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Smith AD, Genz A, Freiberger DM, Belenky G, Van
Dongen HPA (2009). Efficient computation of
confidence intervals for Bayesian model predictions
based on multidimensional parameter space. Methods in
Enzymology 454: 213-231.
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Van Dongen HPA (2004). Comparison of
mathematical model predictions to experimental data of
fatigue and performance. Aviation, Space, and
Environmental Medicine 75: A15-A36.
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Van Dongen HPA (2004). Comparison of
model predictions to experimental data: Rectifying
false impressions. Aviation, Space, and Environmental
Medicine 75: A122-A124.
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Van Dongen HPA, Balkin TJ (2004).
Commentary on modeling performance and alertness: the
QinetiQ approach. Aviation, Space, and Environmental
Medicine 75: A104-A105.
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Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2001).
Modeling the effects of sleep debt: On the relevance of
inter-individual differences. Sleep Research Society
Bulletin 7: 69-72. (Download
PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2003).
Investigating the interaction between the homeostatic
and circadian processes of sleep-wake regulation for
the prediction of waking neurobehavioural performance.
Journal of Sleep Research 12: 181-187.
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Van Dongen HPA, Mott CG, Huang JK, Mollicone
DJ, McKenzie FD, Dinges DF (2007). Confidence
intervals for individualized performance models. Sleep
30: 1083. (Download
PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Mott CG, Huang J-K, Mollicone
DJ, McKenzie FD, Dinges DF (2007).
Optimization of biomathematical model predictions for
cognitive performance impairment in individuals:
Accounting for unknown traits and uncertain states in
homeostatic and circadian processes. Sleep 30:
1129-1143. (Download
PDF)
Individual differences in sleep loss effects
Lammers-van der Holst HM, Van Dongen HPA,
Kerkhof GA (2006). Are individuals' nighttime
sleep characteristics prior to shift-work exposure
predictive for parameters of daytime sleep after
commencing shift work? Chronobiology International 23:
1217-1227.
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King AC, Belenky G, Van Dongen HPA
(2009). Performance impairment consequent to
sleep loss: determinants of resistance and
susceptibility. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
15: 559-564.
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Stakofsky AB, Baynard MD, Dinges DF, Van Dongen
HPA (2004). Candidate predictors of
vulnerability to sleep deprivation. Sleep-Wake Research
in The Netherlands15: 80-83. (Download
PDF)
Van Dongen HPA (2005). Analysis of
inter- and intra-individual variability. Journal of
Sleep Research 14: 201-203.
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Van Dongen HPA (2005). Brain
activation patterns and individual differences in
working memory impairment during sleep deprivation.
Sleep 28: 386-388. (Download
PDF)
Van Dongen HPA (2006). Shift work and
inter-individual differences in sleep and sleepiness.
Chronobiology International 23: 1139-1147.
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Van Dongen HPA, Baynard MD, Maislin G, Dinges
DF (2004). Systematic interindividual
differences in neurobehavioral impairment from sleep
loss: Evidence of trait-like differential
vulnerability. Sleep 27: 423-433. (Download
PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Caldwell Jr JA, Caldwell JL
(2006). Investigating systematic individual
differences in sleep-deprived performance on a
high-fidelity flight simulator. Behavior Research
Methods 38: 333-343. (Download
PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Maislin G, Dinges DF
(2004). Dealing with inter-individual
differences in the temporal dynamics of fatigue and
performance: Importance and techniques. Aviation,
Space, and Environmental Medicine 75: A147-A154.
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Van Dongen HPA, Olofsen E, Dinges DF, Maislin G
(2004). Mixed-model regression analysis and
dealing with interindividual differences. Methods in
Enzymology 384: 139-171.
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Van Dongen HPA, Vitellaro KM, Dinges DF
(2005). Individual differences in adult human
sleep and wakefulness: Leitmotif for a research agenda.
Sleep 28: 479-496. (Download
PDF)
Sleep physiology
Blaauw MSJ, Tung L-T, Baynard MD, Dinges DF,
Van Dongen HPA (2002). Trait-like
inter-individual differences in sleep cycle duration.
Sleep-Wake Research in The Netherlands 13: 16-19.
(Download
PDF)
Braun AR, Balkin TJ, Wesensten NJ, Carson RE,
Varga M, Baldwin P, Selbie S, Belenky G, Herscovitch P
(1997). Regional cerebral blood flow
throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An
H215O PET study. Brain 120:
1173-1197.
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Braun AR, Balkin TJ, Wesensten NJ, Gwardry F,
Carson RE, Varga M, Baldwin P, Belenky G, Herscovitch P
(1998). Dissociated pattern of activity in
visual cortices and their projections during human
rapid eye movement sleep. Science 279: 91-95.
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Krueger JM, Rector DM, Roy S, Van Dongen HPA,
Belenky G, Panksepp J (2008). Sleep as a
fundamental property of neuronal assemblies. Nature
Reviews Neuroscience 9: 910-919.
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Mollicone DJ, Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF
(2007). Optimizing sleep/wake schedules in
space: Sleep during chronic nocturnal sleep restriction
with and without diurnal naps. Acta Astronautica 60:
354-361.
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Pleban RJ, Valentine PJ, Penetar DM, Redmond
DP, Belenky G (1990). Characterization of
sleep and body composition changes during ranger
training. Military Psychology 2: 145-156.
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Rector DM, Schei JL, Van Dongen HPA, Belenky G,
Krueger JM (2009). Physiological markers of
local sleep. European Journal of Neuroscience 29:
1771-1778.
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Smith AD, Tucker AM, Van Dongen HPA
(2006). Systematic inter-individual
variability in sleep variables: Comparing findings from
the general population to twin study results.
Sleep-Wake Research in The Netherlands 17: 107-111.
(Download
PDF)
Tucker AM, Dinges DF, Van Dongen HPA
(2007). Trait interindividual differences in
the sleep physiology of healthy young adults. Journal
of Sleep Research 16: 170-180.
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Van Dongen HPA (2005). Polysomnography
entails no more than minimal risk. Sleep 28: 276.
(Download
PDF)
Wesensten NJ, Balkin TJ, Belenky G
(1999). Does sleep fragmentation impact
recuperation? A review and reanalysis. Journal of Sleep
Research 8: 237-245. (Download
PDF)
Circadian rhythms
Goel N, Stunkard AJ, Rogers NL, Van Dongen HPA,
Allison KC, O'Reardon JP, Ahima RS, Cummings DE, Heo M,
Dinges DF (2009). Circadian rhythm profiles in
women with night eating syndrome. Journal of Biological
Rhythms 24: 85-94.
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Kerkhof GA, Van Dongen HPA (1996).
Morning-type and evening-type individuals differ in the
phase position of their endogenous circadian
oscillator. Neuroscience Letters 218: 153-156.
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Kerkhof GA, Van Dongen HPA, Bobbert AC
(1998). Absence of endogenous circadian
rhythmicity in blood pressure? American Journal of
Hypertension 11: 373-377.
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Mullington JM, Chan JL, Van Dongen HPA, Szuba
MP, Samaras J, Price NJ, Meier-Ewert HK, Dinges DF,
Mantzoros CS (2003). Sleep loss reduces
diurnal rhythm amplitude of leptin in healthy men.
Journal of Neuroendocrinology 15: 851-854.
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Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2005).
Circadian rhythms in sleepiness, alertness, and
performance. In Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC (Eds.),
Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine (4th ed.).
Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 435-443.
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Van Dongen HPA, Kerkhof GA, Dinges DF
(2004). Human circadian rhythms. In Sehgal A
(Ed.), Molecular Biology of Circadian Rhythms. John
Wiley & Sons, Hoboken: 255-269.
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Van Dongen HPA, Kerkhof GA, Klöppel HB
(1997). Seasonal covariation of the circadian
phases of rectal temperature and slow wave sleep onset.
Journal of Sleep Research 6: 19-25.
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Van Dongen HPA, Kerkhof GA, Souverijn JHM
(1998). Absence of seasonal variation in the
phase of the endogenous circadian rhythm in humans.
Chronobiology International 15: 623-632.
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Van Dongen HPA, Maislin G, Kerkhof GA
(2001). Repeated assessment of the endogenous
24-hour profile of blood pressure under constant
routine. Chronobiology International 18: 82-98.
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Van Dongen HPA, Miller JD, Levin GV, Straat PA
(2005). A circadian biosignature in the
Labeled Release data from Mars? Proceedings of SPIE
5906(59060C): 1-10. (Download
PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Olofsen E, VanHartevelt JH,
Kruyt EW (1999). A procedure of multiple
period searching in unequally spaced time-series with
the Lomb-Scargle method. Biological Rhythm Research 30:
149-177.
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Van Dongen HPA, Olofsen E, VanHartevelt JH,
Kruyt EW (1999). Searching for biological
rhythms: Peak detection in the periodogram of unequally
spaced data. Journal of Biological Rhythms 14: 617-620.
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Van Dongen HPA, Ruf T, Olofsen E, VanHartevelt
JH, Kruyt EW (2001). Analysis of problematic
time series with the Lomb-Scargle method. Biological
Rhythm Research 32: 347-354.
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Waterhouse J, Folkard S, Van Dongen H, Minors
D, Owens D, Kerkhof G, Weinert D, Nevill A, Macdonald
I, Sytnik N, Tucker P (2001). Temperature
profiles, and the effect of sleep upon them, in
relation to morningness-eveningness in healthy female
subjects. Chronobiology International 18: 227-247.
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Yang S, Van Dongen HPA, Wang K, Berrettini W,
Bućan M (2009). Assessment of circadian
function in fibroblasts of patients with bipolar
disorder. Molecular Psychiatry 14: 143-155.
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Stimulants and hypnotics
Balkin TJ, O'Donnell VM, Kamimori GH, Redmond
DP, Belenky G (1989). Administration of
triazolam prior to recovery sleep: Effects on sleep
architecture, subsequent alertness and performance.
Psychopharmacology 99: 526-531.
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Balkin TJ, O'Donnell VM, Kamimori GH, Redmond
DP, Belenky G (1989). Sleep inertia following
triazolam-induced recovery sleep. Human
Psychopharmacology 4: 291-296.
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Balkin TJ, O'Donnell VM, Wesensten N, McCann U,
Belenky G (1992). Comparison of the daytime
sleep and performance effects of zolpidem versus
triazolam. Psychopharmacology 107: 83-88.
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Kamimori GH, Johnson D, Thorne D, Belenky G
(2005). Multiple caffeine doses maintain
vigilance during early morning operations. Aviation,
Space, and Environmental Medicine 76: 1046-1050.
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Kamimori GH, Karyekar CS, Otterstetter R, Cox
DS, Balkin TJ, Belenky G, Eddington ND (2002).
The rate of absorption and bioavailability of caffeine
administered in chewing gum versus capsules to normal
healthy volunteers. International Journal of
Pharmacology 234: 159-167.
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Kamimori GH, Penetar DM, Headley D, Thorne DR,
Otterstetter R, Belenky G (2000). Effect of
three caffeine doses on plasma catecholamines and
alertness during prolonged wakefulness. European
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 56: 537-544.
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LaJambe CM, Kamimori GH, Belenky G, Balkin T
(2005). Caffeine effects on recovery sleep
following 27 h total sleep deprivation. Aviation,
Space, and Environmental Medicine 76: 108-113.
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McCann U, Hall T, Thorne D, Thomas M, Sing H,
Popp K, Belenky G (1995). The effects of
l-dihydroxyphenylalanine on alertness and mood in
alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine treated normal volunteers:
Further evidence of the role of cathecholamines in
arousal and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 13: 41-52.
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McLellan TM, Kamimori GH, Bell DG, Smith IF,
Johnson D, Belenky G (2005). Caffeine
maintains vigilance and marksmanship in simulated urban
operations with sleep deprivation. Aviation, Space, and
Environmental Medicine 76: 39-45.
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Newhouse PA, Belenky G, Thomas M, Thorne D,
Sing HC, Fertig J (1989). The effects of
d-amphetamine on arousal, cognition, and mood after
prolonged total sleep deprivation.
Neuropsychopharmacology 2: 153-164.
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Newhouse PA, Penetar DM, Fertig J, Thorne DR,
Sing HC, Thomas M, Cochran J, Belenky G
(1992). Stimulant drug effects on performance
and behavior after prolonged sleep deprivation: A
comparison of amphetamine, nicotine, and deprenyl.
Military Psychology 4: 207-233.
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O'Donnell VM, Balkin TJ, Andrade JR, Simon LM,
Kamimori GH, Redmond DP, Belenky G (1988).
Effects of triazolam on performance and sleep in a
model of transient insomnia. Human Performance 1:
145-160.
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Penetar D, McCann U, Thorne D, Kamimori G,
Galinski C, Sing H, Thomas M, Belenky G
(1993). Caffeine reversal of sleep deprivation
effects on alertness and mood. Psychopharmacology 112:
359-365.
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Penetar DM, Belenky G, Garrigan JJ, Redmond DP
(1989). Triazolam impairs learning and fails
to improve sleep in a long-range aerial deployment.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 60:
594-598.
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Penetar DM, Sing HC, Thorne DR, Thomas ML,
Fertig JB, Schelling ASD, Sealock JC, Newhouse PA,
Belenky G (1991). Amphetamine effects on
recovery sleep following total sleep deprivation. Human
Psychopharmacology 6: 319-323.
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Van Dongen HPA, Price NJ, Mullington JM, Szuba
MP, Kapoor SC, Dinges DF (2001). Caffeine
eliminates psychomotor vigilance deficits from sleep
inertia. Sleep 24: 813-819. (Download
PDF)
Wesensten NJ, Balkin TJ, Belenky G
(1995). Effects of daytime administration of
zolpidem versus triazolam on memory. European Journal
of Clinical Pharmacology 48: 115-122.
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Wesensten NJ, Balkin TJ, Davis HQ, Belenky G
(1995). Reversal of triazolam and
zolpidem-induced memory impairment by flumazenil.
Psychopharmacology 121: 242-249.
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Wesensten NJ, Balkin TJ, Reichardt RM, Kautz
MA, Saviolakis GA, Belenky G (2005). Daytime
sleep and performance following a zolpidem and
melatonin cocktail. Sleep 28: 93-103. (Download
PDF)
Wesensten NJ, Belenky G, Kautz MA, Thorne DR,
Reichardt RM, Balkin TJ (2002). Maintaining
alertness and performance during sleep deprivation:
modafinil versus caffeine. Psychopharmacology 159:
238-247.
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Wesensten NJ, Belenky G, Thorne DR, Kautz MA,
Balkin TJ (2004). Modafinil versus caffeine:
Effects on fatigue during sleep deprivation. Aviation,
Space, and Environmental Medicine 75: 520-525.
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Combat stress research
Belenky GL (1979). Unusual visual
experiences reported by subjects in the British Army
study of sustained operations, Exercise Early Call.
Military Medicine 144: 695-696.
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Belenky GL (1987). Psychiatric
casualties: The Israeli experience. Psychiatric Annals
17: 528-531. (Download
PDF)
Belenky GL (1987). Varieties of
reaction and adaptation to combat experience. Bulletin
of the Menninger Clinic 51: 64-79.
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Belenky GL, Gelinas-Sorell D, Kenner JR,
Holaday JW (1983). Evidence for delta-receptor
involvement in the post-ictal antinociceptive responses
to electroconvulsive shock in rats. Life Sciences
33(Suppl. 1): 583-585.
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Belenky GL, Holaday JW (1979). The
opiate antagonist naloxone modifies the effects of
electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on respiration, blood
pressure and heart rate. Brain Research 177: 414-417.
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Belenky GL, Holaday JW (1981).
Repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and morphine
tolerance: demonstration of cross sensitivity in the
rats. Life Sciences 29: 553-563.
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Belenky GL, Kaufman LW (1983).
Cohesion and rigorous training: Observations of the Air
Assault School. Military Review 63: 24-34. (Download
PDF)
Cole M, Belenky GL, Boucher R, Fernandez R,
Myers D (1965). Probability learning to escape
from shock. Psychonomic Science 3: 127-129.
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Deeken MG, Newhouse PA, Belenky GL, Eshelman
SD, Parker MT, Jones FD (1985). Division
psychiatrists in peacetime. Military Medicine 150:
455-457.
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Hitzemann RJ, Hitzemann B, Blatt S, Tortella
FC, Kenner JR, Belenky GL, Holaday JW (1987).
Repeated electroconvulsive shock: Effect on sodium
dependency and regional distribution of opioid-binding
sites. Molecular Pharmacology 31: 562-566.
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Holaday JW, Belenky GL (1980).
Opiate-like effects of electroconvulsive shock in rats:
a differential effect of naloxone on nociceptive
measures. Life Sciences 27: 1929-1938.
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Holaday JW, Hitzemann RJ, Curell J, Tortella
FC, Belenky GL (1982). Repeated
electroconvulsive shock or chronic morphine treatment
increases the number of 3H-D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin
binding sites in rat brain membranes. Life Sciences 31:
2359-2362.
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Holaday JW, Tortella FC, Long JB, Belenky GL,
Hitzemann RJ (1986). Endogenous opioids and
their receptors: Evidence for involvement in the
post-ictal effects of electroconvulsive shock. Annals
of the New York Academy of Sciences 462: 124-139.
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Holaday JW, Tortella FC, Meyerhoff JL, Belenky
GL, Hitzemann RJ (1986). Electroconvulsive
shock activates endogenous opioid systems: Behavioral
and biochemical correlates. Annals of the New York
Academy of Sciences 467: 249-255.
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Tortella FC, Cowan A, Belenky GL, Holaday JW
(1981). Opiate-like electroencephalographic
and behavioral effects of electroconvulsive shock in
rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 76: 121-128.
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Ursano RJ, Holloway HC, Jones DR, Rodriguez AR,
Belenky GL (1989). Psychiatric care in the
military community: family and military stressors.
Hospital and Community Psychiatry 40: 1284-1289.
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Miscellaneous
Balkin TJ, Braun AR, Wesensten NJ, Jeffries K,
Varga M, Baldwin P, Belenky G, Herscovitch P
(2002). The process of awakening: A PET study
of regional brain activity patterns mediating the
reestablishment of alertness and consciousness. Brain
125: 2308-2319.
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Belenky GL, Cole M (1968). The role of
test trials in paired-associate verbal learning.
Psychonomic Science 10: 201-203.
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Kamimori GH, Smallridge RC, Redmond DP, Belenky
GL, Fein HG (1990). The effect of exercise on
atropine pharmacokinetics. European Journal of Clinical
Pharmacology 39: 395-397.
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McCann UD, Penetar DM, Belenky G
(1990). Acute dystonic reaction in normal
humans caused by catecholamine depletion. Clinical
Neuropharmacology 13: 565-568.
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Shearer WT, Reuben JM, Mullington JM, Price NJ,
Lee B-N, Smith EO, Szuba MP, Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF
(2001). Soluble TNF-\x{03b1} receptor 1 and
IL-6 plasma levels in humans subjected to the sleep
deprivation model of spaceflight. Journal of Allergy
and Clinical Immunology 107: 165-170.
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Varkevisser M, Van Dongen HPA, Kerkhof GA
(2005). Physiologic indexes in chronic
insomnia during a constant routine: Evidence for
general hyperarousal? Sleep 28: 1588-1596. (Download
PDF)
Varkevisser M, Van Dongen HPA, Kerkhof GA
(2006). Hyperarousal as a basis for chronic
insomnia: statistical misconceptions and individual
differences. Sleep 29: 719. (Download
PDF)
Varkevisser M, Van Dongen HPA, Van Amsterdam
JGC, Kerkhof GA (2007). Chronic insomnia and
daytime functioning: An ambulatory assessment.
Behavioral Sleep Medicine 5: 279-296.
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Wesensten NJ, Belenky G, Balkin TJ
(2005). Cognitive readiness in network centric
operations. Parameters: U.S. Army War College Quarterly
35: 94-105. (Download
PDF)
Wesensten NJ, Crowley J, Balkin T, Kamimori G,
Iwanyk E, Pearson N, Devine J, Belenky G, Cymerman A
(1993). Effects of simulated high altitude
exposure on long-latency event-related brain potentials
and performance. Aviation, Space, and Environmental
Medicine 64: 30-36.
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